19 Including aItaly,
20 And bDenmark,
21 And cHolland,
22 And dPortugal,
23 And eSpain,
24 And fFrance,
25 And gEngland,
26 To discover the most new land in the shortest possible time,
27 And the apes who were responsible for doing the discovering were called Explorers.
28 And so every nation started the race with its own particular advantages and disadvantages, from the most logical possible starting point.
CHAPTER 21 The nation with the most advantages was Italy,
2 Which started from Italy,
3 Which was where the hRomans had started from,
4 And had the advantage of considerable experience at discovering new lands,
5 iSuch as Spain and France and England,
6 And most recently jChina,
7 Which had been discovered by kMarco Polo,
8 But was too big for one man to appropriate all by himself.
9 Italy also had the advantage of having some very good Explorers,
10 Such as lChristopher Columbus and mAmerigo Vespucci,
11 Who were just dying to go out and discover things.
12 Italy's only disadvantage was that it no longer had an emperor,
13 nSince the last Roman emperor had left town,
14 About a thousand years ago.
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CHAPTER 31 oDenmark started from Denmark,
2 Which wasn't that much of an advantage,
3 Since Denmark was pretty small,
4 Though full of pclever apes,
5 Who were descended from the same apes who had once been very competent qbarbarians,
6 rHaving conquered England,
7 And other places,
8 Several times.
CHAPTER 41 sHolland started from Holland,
2 Which wasn't much of an advantage either,
3 Although the apes from Holland,
4 Who were called the Dutch,
5 tFor some reason,
6 Were good shipbuilders and clever traders,
7 Even though they wore wooden shoes,
8 uFor some reason.
CHAPTER 51 vPortugal started from Portugal,
2 Which would have been an advantage,
3 If the Portuguese had had any Explorers,
4 Which they mostly didn't,
5 Except for wMagellan,
6 Who knew a lot about sailing,
7 But wasn't too good at round trips.
CHAPTER 61 xSpain started from ySpain,
2 Which was an advantage,
3 zBecause it was fairly close to the new world that was about to be discovered.
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